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①原诗译文如下：“这些脚是否曾在古代/走过英格兰的绿色山冈？/是否上帝的神圣羔羊/曾出现在英格兰的愉快草场？//上帝面上的光/是否照穿过我们山上的阴云/是否这里建立过耶路撒冷/在撒旦的黑暗工厂当中？//给我闪亮的金弓/给我欲望的箭/给我矛，啊，让云铺开/给我战车放火焰！/我将不停这心灵之战/也不让我的剑休息/直到我们把耶路撒冷/建立在英格兰美好的绿地。”见王佐良主编《英国诗选》第204—05页。这首诗提到了《圣经》中的传说，即耶稣基督曾在年轻无闻时驻足英格兰。一般认为，布莱克借此表达面对工业革命(“撒旦的黑暗工厂”)带来的巨变，保护英格兰的美好绿地，在此重建耶路撒冷，亦即人间天堂的愿望。该诗在一战中由哈勃特·派瑞谱曲，成为流传甚广的歌曲，起到极大地鼓舞士气的作用，并在日后成为英格兰的非官方国歌。参见〈http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_did_those_feet_in_ancient_time〉。 ②如针对人物社会属性范围狭窄的批评，他称人物的社会标记是“第二位的”，重要的是每一个个体之间的差异。关于他小说的英格兰地方背景，他说地方性是通往普遍性的钥匙，他的目标是发现熟悉、普通事物中的奇异之处。(Craps) 参考文献： [1]Ackroyd,Peter.Albion:The Origins of the English Imagination.New York:Anchor,2004. [2]Anderson,Benedict.Imagined Communities:Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism.Rev.ed.London:Verso,1983. [3]Baucom,Ian.Out of Place:Englishness,Empire and the Locations of Identity.New Jersey:Princeton UP,1999. [4]Berberich,Christine."This Green and Pleasant Land:Cultural Constructions of Englishness." Landscape and Englishness.Ed.Robert Burden and Stephan Kohl.Amsterdam:Rodopi,2006.207-24. [5]Bhabha,Homi K.The Location of Culture.London:Routledge,1994. [6]Caruth,Cathy,ed.Trauma :Explorations in Memory.Baltimore:Johns Hopkins UP,1995. [7]Caruth,Cathy,and Geoffrey Hartman."An Interview with Geoffrey Hartman." Studies in Romanticism 35.4(1996):630-52. [8]Craps,Stef,and Graham Swift."An Interview with Graham Swift." Contemporary Literature 50.4 (2009):637-61. [9]Hall,Stuart."Cultural Identity and Diaspora." Identity:Community,Culture,Difference.Ed.Johna than Rutherford.London:Lawrence,1990.223-37. [10]Herman,Judith Lewis.Trauma and Recovery.New York:Basic,1992. [11]Ingelbien,Raphaёl."'England and Nowhere:' Contestations of Englishness in Philip Larkin and Graham Swift." English 48(1999):33-48. [12]Malcolm,David.Understanding Graham Swift.Columbia:U of South Carolina P,2003. [13]The Office for National Statistics."Non-UK Born Population of England and Wales Quadrupled between 1951 and 2011." Dec.2013.web. [14]Rau,Petra."The War in Contemporary Fiction." The Cambridge Companion to the Literature of World War II.Ed.Marina Mackay.Cambridge:CUP,2009.207-19. [15]Rogers,David."Postscript:Englishness in Transition:Swift,Faulkner and an Outsider's Staunch Belief." The Revision of Englishness.Ed.David Rogers and John McLeod.Manchester:Manchester UP,2004.169-84. [16]Scholes,Lucy."Graham Swift's Affectionate Chronicle of Everyday Lives." The Guardian Aug.3,2014; Dec.9,2014. [17]Scruton,Roger.England:An Elegy.London:Continuum International,2000. [18]Swift,Graham.England and Other Stories.London:Simon & Schuster,2014. [19]—."Graham Swift on Englishness,Abandoning Short stories,and Why Words Aren't Important." W & G Foyle.Nov.19,2014.〈http://www.foyles.co.uk/Public/Biblio/AuthorDetails.aspx?authorld=85311〉. [20]—.Making an Elephant:Writing from Within.London:Picador,2009. [21]Taylor,Isabel."Exploring Englishness,Part I:The Rural Myth." Dec.9,2014.〈http://www.zyworld.com/albionmagazineonline/featuresl.html〉. [22]霍布斯鲍姆：《民族与民族主义》，李金梅译。上海：上海人民出版社，2000。 [23]怀特海德：《创伤小说》，李敏译。开封：河南大学出版社，2011。 (责任编辑：admin) |