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四、“于西洋哲学之各家学说，几无不窥” 张东荪有他一套自创的哲学体系，叫“多元认识论”（亦名“认识的多元论”），综合了新康德主义和席勒（F. C. S. Schiller）、路易士（C. I. Lewis）的实用主义。张有英文书《认识的多元论》（Epistemological Pluralism）概述这一体系，可惜我一直没能看到原本。今年7月间，友人范世涛在潘家园意外购得此书，为一线装本，无出版地、出版社和出版年月，可谓“三无出版物”。扉页后面是上海光华大学文学教授张庆元（C.Y.Chang）的英译者序（1932年12月15日写于上海）。译序后面是目录，共分七节：导言（Introduction）、所与（The Given）、条理（Order）、范畴（Category）、设准（Postulate）、概念（Concept）、结论（Conclusion）。全书最后是“勘误表”（Errata）。《张东荪传》提到过这个英译本，但甚为简略，左先生写书时也似未亲近原书，只是间接引用郭湛波《近五十年中国思想史》所译张庆元英译本序言片断：“（张东荪）于西洋哲学之各家学说，几无不窥……他不曾到过欧美，然而他读的西洋典籍，据我所知，都比任何一个留学生都多。（He has not been in America or England, but as I know, he has read much more books than any returned student.）”（《张东荪传》第141页，英文原文是我插进去的）张庆元这段话，是有道理的。张东荪当年读的这些西洋哲学典籍，有一部分现藏中国社科院哲学所书库。这些书多有张东荪的印章或签名（有些被人磨掉了）。比如张东荪服膺实用主义哲学家席勒，应该藏有他的主要著作，而哲学所书库就藏有一册初版的席勒《人本主义研究》（Studies in Humanism, London: Macmillan and Co., 1907），衬页上签着“东荪”两字（被人磨去一部分，但大体尚可辨识），绝对是张东荪旧藏。还有上文提到的那本奥格登《边沁拟制论》，在衬页上写有：“奉赠 东荪师 生 宅 一九三三，十二，廿八。”此书应是张东荪在燕京大学的学生李安宅（1900-1985，著名社会学家、西藏学家）送给他的。李安宅写过一本《意义学》，主要就是介绍奥格登和瑞恰慈（I. A. Richards）的巨著《意义的意义》（The Meaning of Meaning, 1923）。据戴晴《在如来佛掌中——张东荪和他的时代》引张凯慈（张东荪的孙子）的话：“全套哲学书卖给了社科院哲学所。奶奶说，爷爷的书，就这一套还算落个好下场。”负责接收这批书的，是哲学所研究员梁存秀先生（即梁志学，已退休），很希望他能就此事写一篇回忆文章，为后人留下可靠的记录。说句实在话，要想深入研究张东荪，至少要涉猎一下哲学所这批书才是。 五、《认识的多元论》张庆元英译序 张庆元的译者序对译书缘起有清楚的交待，我在下面择要将其试译出来，因为这些内容好像不是所有人（包括左先生）都知道的：“去秋的一个清晨，我正读柏格森《创造进化论》，仆人带进来一件包裹，是刚从世界书局发来的。（In a cold autumn morning last year, when I was reading Bergson's Creative Evolution, my servant interrupted me by bringing in a package which has just arrived from the World Book Company.）我正等着书局总编老友舒新城先生邮来几部讲当代哲学的新书，所以一点也不觉得意外。（I was not at all surprised at it, because I was expecting some new books on contemporary philosophy from my friend Mr. Shu, the Chief-editor of that company.）可我打开包一看就傻了，里面放的根本不是什么书，而是一摞稿子，还有两封信，一封是舒先生写来的，另一封的笔迹我不认识，似是托舒先生给我寄来的。（But as soon as I had it opened, I was greatly shocked at the discovery that the thing contained therein was not in the form of books, but, rather, and surely it was, a sheaf of manuscript, together with two letters one of which was apparently from my friend, while the other, being produced by a strange hand, seemed to have been under his care for save delivery.）我赶紧细读第一封信，很快就知道第二封信和那份稿子都来自张东荪先生。记得我还没读高中时，张先生的大名早就传遍了全国。身为研究哲学的学者，他广受时人推崇；在阐释中国文化和人类智慧方面，至今还没有任何国人能够超过他。（I spared no time in concentrating myself on the first one from which I immediately derived the knowledge that the second as well as the manuscript was from Mr. Chang Tung-sung. That great name had been known throughout the country, before I went to high school. As a scholar of philosophy, he has been widely admired; as an interpretor of Chinese culture and human wisdom, he has not been surpassed in contemporary China,thus far.）但最让我感觉惶恐的，是张先生竟然命我将他的近作，也就是那份手稿翻译成英文。他还说，如果我不觉得冒犯的话，他还想邀我一起合作参与到这套哲学的创造过程里来。（But the thing that shocked me the more is that he asked me to render a free version to his latest work, the manuscript, and were it, he said not a great offence to me, he would like to have my cooperation about the very course of philosophy he bad been undertaking）……我希望并计划今后再翻译几部张先生的著作，这样国外读者就能真正了解东方对西洋文明到底有何种反应了。（It is my hope and also my plan to translate more of his works in the nearest future so that my foreign readers will be able to get hold of the reactions of the Orient to western civilization.）最后，还要说两件事。第一件事，此书初稿虽是我译的，但经过了作者和我的朋友G. W. Earle博士的审校。第二件事，这个译本还经过了 L. T. Hwang博士（我怀疑是黄子通）和瞿世英博士的校阅，他们都是张先生的朋友。（Lastly, two more things must be said. The first is that although the original translation of this book was made by me, the second revision-work was done by the author and my friend, Dr. G. W. Earle. The second to that this translation was read over by Dr. L. T. Hwang and Dr. S. Y. Chu, both being friends of Mr. Chang the author.）” (责任编辑：admin) |