|
Advances in Neuroimaging Studies on the Universal versus Writing-specific Brain Networks for Chinese Processing 作 者：李辉 王晶颖 作者简介：李辉，男，博士，香港大学教育学院副教授，研究兴趣：幼儿心理学、幼儿教育学、心理语言学，代表作：Teaching Chinese Literacy in the Early Years：Psychology，Pedagogy，and Practice，E-mail：huili@hku.hk。 原发信息：《当代语言学》(京)2016年第20164期 内容提要：本文首先综述了汉字加工神经机制的最新研究进展，重点关注三个问题：（1）汉字加工的神经中枢；（2）网络通路；（3）神经机制的一般性和特异性特点。得出了两个主要结论：（1）左侧前额叶中部，尤其是BA9，可能是汉字加工的中枢；（2）汉字与拼音文字阅读具有不同的脑网络通路。随后，研究总结了汉字书写加工的神经机制、书写与拼音打字的差异、镜像神经元研究等汉字加工的最新进展。最后，批判性地分析了有关汉字加工的通用机制与特异机制的争议问题。 Perfetti,et al.(1992)proposed that there was universal phonological principle(UPP)underlying reading across languages.Since then,it has been a research issue whether the brain networks of reading vary across languages and cultures.Perfetti,et al.(2013)suggestes that there should be a universal brain network across writing systems:orthography initiated reading and phonology is activated universally by orthographic inputs afterwards.Language comprehension is the outcome of all kinds of reading.However,the latest findings in behavioral and neuroimaging studies of adults and children suggest that Chinese and alphabetic writing makes different demands on reading and learning to read.Accordingly,it is hypothesized that learning to read would have to accommodate the demands of a writing system(i.e.,Chinese)through the specialization of brain networks that support its reading.In particular,this specialization will increase with the development of reading competency which leads to the differences in brain networks for alphabetic and Chinese reading.In this paper,we explore the universal and writing-system specific aspects of reading and writing,with an aim to understand how research on Chinese reading informs the "universal reading science".First,we review the latest advances in neuroimaging study on the brain systems of Chinese reading focusing on the three fundamental questions:(1)which brain area is the most critical one and specific for Chinese reading compared to alphabetic re 关 键 词：汉字加工/左侧额中回脑区/通用机制/特异性机制Chinese reading and writing/LMFG/universal brain networks/writing-specific brain networks 中文与英文在语言文字系统上存在诸多不同，因此，对中文的脑认知研究引起了国际神经心理学界的广泛关注。一个普遍的研究假设是：汉字与字母文字加工可能存在截然不同的神经心理机制。为此，越来越多的认知科学家从神经生物学的角度开展了研究和探索。本文通过文献综述，重点分析了以下三个问题：汉字加工的神经机制、汉字书写加工的神经机制以及文字加工神经机制的特异性与一般性等争议问题。 (责任编辑：admin) |