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结语 以上介绍了“后殖民叙事学”涉及的理论立场以及相应的三个观察点，并对这一立场与后殖民文化批评关于文学研究和语言分析的相关论述进行了阐述与辨析，说明它们之间的交叉互补关系。需要重申的是，“后殖民叙事学”并非理论范畴自成体系的一个“学”，而是一种阐释方法，目的在于将叙事形式分析与文化阐释进行结合。从叙事分析入手反观后殖民小说在形式上与传统正典及其叙事成规的差异性，这将有利于我们进一步推进对叙事形式(审美)与意识形态(政治)之间辩证关系的认识。当然，这一努力虽然一直存在，而且从未间断。(Bennett：53—74)从叙事学角度做深入探究的空间也十分丰富，例如，巴特(Roland Barthes)关于阅读符码的论述，(19—20)文学形象分析与套话叙事之间的关系，(Bhabha：1984：99—100)这些都是这一方向的理论基础。总之，从叙事学角度探究后殖民小说形式差异背后的文化历史意义，以期揭示后殖民小说在“逆写”过程中逐渐形成的“族裔正典”及其诗学意义，这一努力本身蕴含了促使包括后殖民小说在内的第三世界文学从边缘迂回进入世界文学多样性的理想之地的努力。 注释： ①对这一概念进行详细阐述的，国内有许德金文章，国外有格莱弗敦(Anthony Grafton)专著，均见参考文献所列。 ②关于奈保尔作品中的后殖民批评主题，评论界呈现为两极对峙态势：或者认为他认同帝国文化，或者认为他是殖民文化的批判者。形成这一对峙局面的一个重要原因在于套用后殖民文化批评理论，从作品中寻找支撑理论的文本证据。详见Bruce King，V. S. Naipaul(Palgrave)，2003。 ③里德以实验手法将这些引文嵌入《芒博琼博》，并且有意略去页码标识。参见文献罗列Reed条。 【参考文献】 [1]Aldama, Frederick Luis. A User's Guide to Postcolonial and Latino Borderland Fiction. Austin: U of Texas P, 2009. [2]Appiah, Kwame Anthony. "Is the Post-in Postmodernism the Post-in Postcolonial?" Critical Inquiry17. 2(1991): 336-57. [3]Ashcroft, Bill, et al. The Empire Writes Back: Theory and Practice in Post-colonial Literatures. London: Routledge, 1989. [4]Barthes, Roland. S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. Oxford: Blackwell, 1990. [5]Bennett, Tony. Formalism and Marxism. London: Routledge, 1989. [6]Bhabha, Homi K. "Representation and the Colonial Text: A Critical Exploration of Some Forms of Mimeticism." The Theory of Reading. Ed. Frank Gloversmith. New Jersey: Harvester, 1984. [7]—. "The Third Space." Interview with Homi Bhabha. Identity: Community, Culture, Difference. Ed. Jonathan Rutherford. London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1990. [8]—. The Location of Culture. London: Routledge, 1994. [9]Boehmer, Elleke. "Postcolonialism." Literary Theory and Criticism: An Oxford Guide. Ed. Patricia Waugh. Oxford: OUP, 2006. [10]—. Colonial and Postcolonial Literature: Migrant Metaphors. Oxford: OUP, 2005. [11]Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Fiction. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1983. [12]Butler, Johnnella E. "Mumbo Jumbo, Theory, and the Aesthetics of Wholeness." Aesthetics in a Multicultural Age. Ed. Emory Elliot, et al. Oxford: OUP, 2002. [13]Caldwell, Jr. R. C. "Créolité and Postcoloniality in Raphaёl Confidant's L'Allée des soupirs." The French Review 73(1990): 301-11. [14]Eco, Umberto. The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts. London: Hutchinson, 1981. [15]Fludernik, Monika. "Identity/Alterity." The Cambridge Companion to Narrative Theory. Ed. David Herman. Cambridge: CUP, 2007. [16]—. Towards a "Natural" Narratology. London: Routledge, 1996. [17]Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism. New York: OUP, 1988. [18]Genette, Gérard. Palimpsests: Literature in the Second Degree. Trans. Channa Newman and Claude Doubinsky. Lincoln: U of Nebraska P, 1982. [19]—. Paratexts: Threshholds of Interpretation. Trans. Jane E. Lewin. Cambridge: CUP, 1987. [20]Grafton, Anthony. The Footnote: A Curious History. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1997. [21]Gymnich, Marion. "Linguistics and Narratology: The Relevance of Linguistic Criteria to Postcolonial Narratology." Literature and Linguistics: Approaches, Models, and Application. Ed. M. Gymnich, A. Nünning and V. Nünning. Trier: WVT, 2002. [22]Herman, David, ed. Narratologies: New Perspectives on Narrative Analysis. Columbus: Ohio State U, 1999. [23]—. The Cambridge Companion to Narrative. Cambridge: CUP, 2007. [24]Jakobson, Roman. "The Dominant." Readings in Russian Poetics: Formalist and Structuralist Views. Ed. Ladislav Mtatejka and Krystyna Pomorska. Mi chigan: U of Michigan P, 1978. [25]Katrak, Ketu H. "Decolonizing Culture: Toward a Theory for Post-colonial Women's Texts." The Post-Colonial Studies Reader. Ed. Bill Ashcroft, et al. London: Routledge, 1995. [26]Margolin, Uri. "Cognitive Science, the Thinking Mind, and Literary Narrative." Narrative Theory and the Cognitive Sciences. Ed. David Herman. Stanford: Center for the Study of Language Information, 2003. [27]Naipaul, V. S. "Preface." The Enigma of Arrival. London: Picador, 2002. [28]Prince, Gerald. "On a Postcolonial Narratology." A Companion to Narrative Theory. Ed. James Phelan and Peter Rabinowitz. London: Blackwell, 2005. [29]—. "On Narratology: Criteria, Corpus, Context." Narrative. Vol. 3.1(1995): 73-84. [30]Reed, Ishmael. Mumbo Jumbo. New York: Scribner, 1972. [31]Said, Edward. Culture and Imperialism. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1993. [32]Shen, Dan. "What is the Implied Author?" Style 45(2011):80-98. [33]Spivak, G. C. A Critique of Postcolonial Reason: Toward a History of the Vanishing Present. Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1999. [34]Wyndham, Francis, and Diana Melly, eds. The Letters of Jean Rhys. New York: Viking, 1984. [35]申丹：《20世纪90年代以来叙事理论的新发展》，载《当代外国文学研究》2005年第1期。 [36]许德金：《类文本叙事：范畴、类型与批评框架》，载《江西社会科学》2010年第2期。 (责任编辑：admin) |