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①(17)Virginia Woolf,A Room of One's Own,ed.Jenifer Smith(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1998),pp.71-72,p.73. ②④G.H.Lewes,"From an unsigned review",The Brontёs:The Critical Heritage,ed.Miriam Alott(London and New York:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1995),p.161,p.84. ③June Sturrock,"Literary Women of the 1850s and Charlotte Mary Yonge's Dynevor Terrace",Victorian Women Writers and the Woman Question,ed.Nicola Diane Thompson(Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1999),pp.116-34. ⑤⑧(12)Anonymous,"From an unsigned review",The Brontёs:The Critical Heritage,ed.Miriam Alott(London and New York:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1995),p.90,p.89,p.366. ⑥⑦⑨Elizabeth Rigby,"From an unsigned review",The Brantёs:The Critical Heritage,ed.Miriam Alott(London and New York:Routledge &zKegan Paul,1995),pp.109-110,p.110,p.111. ⑩James Lorimer,"From an unsigned review",The Brontёs:The Critical Heritage,ed.Miriam Alott(London and New York:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1995),p.116. (11)(22)(23)(24)(25)(27)(28)(29)(30)(32)(33)(34)(35)(38)J.A.Chapple and Arthur Pollard ed.,The Letters of Mrs.Gaskell(Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1967),p.417,p.57,p.116,p.249,p.154,p.404,p.417,p.116,p.128,p.503,p.227,p.223,p.220,p.417. (13)比克指出，盖斯凯尔在描述夏洛蒂与丈夫尼克斯的感情时，地似乎暗示，即便夏洛蒂有任何激情澎湃的时刻，那也都是尼克斯引发的，夏洛蒂被刻画成完全被动、顺从的妻子。Suzann Bick,"Clouding the 'Severe Truth':Elizabeth Gaskell's Strategy in 'The Life of Charlotte Brontё',Essays in Arts and Sciences,11(1982),33-47页。 (14)Robin B.Colby,"Some Appointed Work to Do":Women and Vocation in the Fiction of Elizabeth Gaskell(Westport:Greenwood Press,1995),p.77. (15)Carol Dyhouse,"The Role of Women:From Self-Sacrifice to Self-Awareness",The Victorians:The Context of English Literature,ed.Laurence Lerner(London:Methuen & Co Ltd.,1982),p.174. (16)例如，1857年5月，作家查尔斯·金斯利(Charles Kingsley)对盖斯凯尔坦言，《雪莉》的开篇他根本读不下去，当时觉得作者是个喜好“粗俗”的人，现在知道自己“误解”了她，觉得“惭愧”，很庆幸那时没有把自己这些“错误的看法”发表出来，因为夏洛蒂对他而言简直是个“在我之上的天堂”(a whole heaven above me)。Charles Kingsley,"letter",The Brontёs:The Critical Heritage,ed.Miriam Alott(London and New York:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1995)，343页。 (18)Elizabeth Gaskell,The Life of Charlotte Brontё (London:Smith Elder & Co.，1934).(本文后文引自此书时，不再另注明出处，只在正文中标示页码。) (19)伊莱恩·肖瓦尔特：《她们自己的文学：英国女小说家从勃朗特到莱辛》，韩敏中译，浙江大学出版社2012年版，59页。 (20)Margaret Lane,The Brontё Story:A Reconsideration of Mrs.Gaskell's Life of Charlotte Bronё (Melbourne:William Heinemann Ltd.，1953),p.80. (21)有学者对盖斯凯尔的这一反应耿耿于怀。例如，费利西娅·波拿巴特认定，盖斯凯尔也认为勃朗特的小说是“粗俗”的。波拿巴特进而阐释道，盖斯凯尔认为这些粗俗的东西是夏洛蒂身上的“恶魔”的映射。Felicia Bonaparte,The Gypsy-Bachelor of Manchester:The Life of Mrs.Gashell's Demon(Charlottesville and London:University Press of Virginia,1992),241-253页。 (26)W.C.Roscoe,"From an unsigned review",The Brontёs:The Critical Heritage,ed.Miriam Alott(London and New York:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1995),p.356. (31)Francoise Basch,Relative Creatures:Victorian Women in Society and the Novel,trans.Anthony Rudolf(New York:Schocken Books,1974),p.46. (36)(41)Michael Benton,Literary Biography:An Introduction(Malden:Wiley-Blackwell,2009),p.49,p.51. (37)Felicia Bonaparte,The Gypsy-Bachelor of Manchester:The Life of Mrs.Gaskell's Demon(Charlottesville and London:University Press of Virginia,1992),p.241. (39)(40)Deirdre D'Albertis,"'Bookmaking out of the Remains of the Dead':Elizabeth Gaskell's The Life of Charlotte Brontё",Victorian Studies,Vol.39,No.1(Autumn,1995)，3页。“满足自身的有力策略”(a strategy of empowerment of gratification)，德阿尔伯提斯此处转引的是哈普汉姆(Geoffrey Galt Harpham)的说法。 (42)(45)Virginia Woolf,"Professions for Women",The Virginia Woolf Reader,ed.Mitchell A.Leaska(San Diego:Harcourt Brace & Company,1984),p.279,p.277. (43)(44)Inga-Stina Ewbank,Their Proper Sphere:A Study of The Brontё Sisters as Early-Victorian Female Novelists(Goteborg:Akademiforlaget-Gumperts,1966),p.41,p.32. (46)Margaret Oliphant,"From an unsigned article",The Brontёs:The Critical Heritage,ed.Miriam Alott(London and New York:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1995),p.312. (47)Margaret Oliphant,"On 'sensational' novels",The Brontёs:The Critical Heritage,ed.Miriam Alott(London and New York:Routledge & Kegan Paul,1995),p.390. (48)Pauline Nestor,Female Friendships and Communities:Charlotte Brontё,George Eliot,Elizabeth Gaskell(Oxford:Oxford University Press,1985),p.29. (责任编辑：admin) |