轻动词句法属性研究之我见(9)
http://www.newdu.com 2024/11/25 04:11:34 《语言科学》 朱乐奇 参加讨论
5 结语 本文以动作、行为类动词结构为主，分析轻动词在汉语中的表现和形态实现方式，提炼出三类轻动词，即：CAUSE、DO、  。根据Chomsky（1995）关于轻动词结构表达致使或施事的观点，我们没有把表示静态的BE/HOLD纳入其中。正如Chomsky（1995，1999）论述的那样，轻动词是功能语类，表达动词的结构和类型，没有具体的词汇意义。相对于有论元结构和命题意义的动词，轻动词的语义比较空泛，或者说轻动词仅表达动词结构的句法—语义属性。Chomsky（1995：315—316）在阐述带多个内论元的动词时指出，V在此类结构中提升至轻动词v，v-VP结构表达外论元的致使角色或施事角色；同样的道理，及物动词结构也存在VP壳。而且，如果（作格）不及物动词是隐性及物动词，那么只有非宾格动词才是简单VP结构。很显然，乔氏的论述给轻动词的适用范围留下较大的余地。汉语事实表明，轻动词可以有不同的形态实现方式，既可以表现为“令、搞、打、做”等提升至v，也可以表现为主动词V提升至v。 原文参考文献： [1]Adger,David.2003.Core Syntax.Oxford:Oxford University Press. [2]Chao,Yuen-Ren(赵元任).1979.Hanyu Kouyu Yufa汉语口语语法[A Grammar of Spoken Chinese],translated by Shuxiang Lü.Beijing:Shangwu Yinshuguan北京：商务印书馆[Beijing:The Commercial Press]. [3]Chomsky,Noam.1981.Lectures on Government and Binding.Berlin:Walter de Gruyter & Co. [4]Chomsky,Noam.1995.The Minimalist Program Cambridge:The MIT Press. [5]Chomsky,Noam.1998.Minimalist inquiries:the framework.MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 15.Cambridge Mass.:MITWPL. [6]Chomsky,Noam.1999.Derivation by phase.MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 18.Cambridge Mass.:MITWPL. [7]Chomsky,Noam.2001.Beyond explanatory adequacy.MIT Occasional Papers in Linguistics 20.Cambridge Mass.:MITWPL. [8]Dowty,David R.1979.Word Meaning and Montague Grammar.Dordrencht:Kluwer Academic Publishers. [9]Hale,Kenneth & Samuel Jay Keyser.1993.On argument structure and the lexical expression of syntactic relations.The View from Building 20:Essays in Linguistics in Honor of Sylvain Bromberger,ed.by Kenneth Hale and Samuel Jay Keyser,53—104.Cambridge:The MIT Press. [10]Huang,James C.-T.1997.On lexical structure and syntactic projection.Chinese Languages and Linguistics 3,ed.by Feng-fu Tsao and Samuel Wang,45—89.Taipei:Academia Sinica. [11]Huang,James C.-T.(黄正德),Audrey Li Y.-H.(李艳惠),&Yafei Li(李亚非).2013.Hanyu Jufaxue汉语句法学[The Syntax of Chinese],translated by Heyou Zhang.Beijing:Shijie Tushu Chuban Gongsi北京：世界图书出版公司[Beijing:World Publishing Corporation]. [12]Jackendoff,Ray.1987.The status of thematic relations in linguistic theory.Linguistic Inquiry 18:369—411. [13]Jespersen,Otto.1949.A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles,Ⅵ,Morphology.London:George Allen & Unwin Ltd. [14]Larson,Richard K.1988.On the double object construction.Linguistic Inquiry 19:335—391. [15]Lin,Tzong-Hong Jonah.2001.Light Verb Syntax and the Theory of Phrase Structure.Ph.D.dissertation,University of California,Irvine. [16]McCawley,James D.1968.Lexical insertion in a transformational grammar without deep structure.Proceedings of the Fourth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society,71—80.Chicago:Chicago Linguistic Society. [17]Radford,Andrew.1997.Syntax:A Minimalist Introduction Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. [18]Tang,Sze-wing(邓思颖).2008.Qingdongci zai hanyu jufa he cifa shang de diwei轻动词在汉语句法和词法上的地位[Light verbs in Chinese syntax and morpholoy].Xiandai Zhongguoyu Yanjiu现代中国语研究[Contemporary Research in Modern Chinese]2008.10:11—17. [19]Tang,Sze-wing(邓思颖).2010.Xingshi Hanyu Jufaxue形式汉语句法学[Formal Chinese Syntax].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaoyu Chubanshe上海：上海教育出版社[Shanghai:Shanghai Education Press]. [20]Vendler,Zeno.1967.Linguistics in Philosophy.Ithaca,NY:Cornell University Press. [21]Wang,Li(王力).1989.Hanyu Yufa Shi汉语语法史[A Historical Research on Chinese Grammar].Beijing:Shangwu Yinshuguan北京：商务印书馆[Beijing:The Commercial Press]. [22]Zhu,Dexi(朱德熙).1982.Yufa Jiangyi语法讲义[Lecture Notes on Grammar].Beijing:Shangwu Yinshuguan北京：商务印书馆[Beijing:The Commercial Press]. (责任编辑：admin) |