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銆€銆€鈶犲叧浜庘€溿€婄弽鐝犮€嬫墜绋库€濈殑鍙戠幇涓庢牎鍕樺彶锛岃瑙丆harles Moorman,"Introduction",to Charles Moorman锛宔d.,The Works of the Gawain-Poet,Jackson:University Press of Mississippi锛?977,pp.10-16; Malcolm Andrew and Ronald Waldron,Introduction锛宨n Malcolm Andrew and Ronald Waldron,eds.锛孴he Poems of the Pearl Manuscript:Pearl,Cleanness,Patience,Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,Exeter:University of Exeter Press,2007,pp.1-5銆傚悗涓€涔︿笉浠呮彁渚涗簡鏇村叏闈㈢殑鎵嬬缂栫簜淇℃伅锛屼篃鏄縿浠婁负姝㈡渶鏉冨▉鐨勩€婄弽鐝犮€嬫牎鍕樻湰(宸插嚭绗簲鐗?锛岀畝绉扳€滃畨寰烽瞾涓庢矁灏斿崜鏈€濄€傛湰鏂囨墍寮曘€婄弽鐝犮€嬩竴璇楀潎鐢辩瑪鑰呯洿鎺ヤ粠鈥滃畨寰烽瞾涓庢矁灏斿崜鏈€濇墍褰曠殑涓彜鑻辫鍘熸枃璇戝嚭锛岀敱浜庝腑鍙よ嫳璇ご闊甸毦浠ュ湪姹夎瘧涓鍒讹紝鏁呮湰鏂囨眽璇戜粎鍔涙眰淇濈暀鍘熻瘲灏鹃煹(ababababbcbc)锛屽綋璇戞枃鍚堥煹涓庣簿纭€т笉鑳藉吋寰楁椂锛屼紭鍏堣拷姹傝瘧鏂囩簿鍑嗐€傚悗鏂囧嚭鑷钁楃殑寮曟枃锛屽皢闅忔枃鏍囧嚭璇ヨ憲鍚嶇О鍜屽紩鏂囨墍鍦ㄨ鏁帮紝涓嶅啀鍙︽敞銆?/p> 銆€銆€鈶″叧浜庡洓棣栭暱璇楃殑鍐欎綔椤哄簭浠ュ強姣忛璇楁洿绮剧‘鐨勬柇浠ｏ紝瀛︾晫灏氭湭杈炬垚鍏辫瘑(see Robert J.Blanch and Julian N.Wasserman,From Pearl to Gawain:Forme to Fynisment,Gainesville:University of Florida Press,1995,p.5; William Vantuono,ed and trans.,The Pearl Poems:An Omnibus Edition,vol.1,New York:Garland,1984,pp.xx-xxii; W.A.Davenport,The Art of the 'Gawain'-Poet,London:Athlone Press,1978,pp.5-6)銆?/p> 銆€銆€鈶ee Lynn Staley Johnson,The Voice of the Gawain-Poet,Madison:University of Wisconsin Press,1984,p.ix. 銆€銆€鈶ｄ粬浠殑浣滃搧鏈夊浠芥墜绋垮瓨涓栵紝浠庝腑涓栫邯鍒扮幇浠ｉ兘鎷ユ湁绋冲畾鐨勮鑰呯兢锛屼箶鍙熺殑銆婂潕鐗逛集闆锋晠浜嬨€嬫洿鏈変竴鐧惧涓妱鏈紶涓栥€?/p> 銆€銆€鈶ee Angus McIntosh et al.,A Linguistic Atlas of Late Medieval English,vol.3,Aberdeen:Aberdeen University Press,1986,pp.37-38. 銆€銆€鈶ヨ瘲浜哄閫氳鏈€婂湥缁忋€嬪叿鏈夆€滅浜屽ぉ鎬р€濈▼搴︾殑绮鹃€氾紝浣撶幇鍦ㄣ€婃竻娲併€嬨€併€婂潥蹇嶃€嬨€併€婄弽鐝犮€嬫墍灞曠幇鐨勫己澶цВ缁忚兘鍔涗腑锛岃繖涔熸槸浠栧銆婂湥缁忋€嬭繘琛岃瘲鍖栨敼缂栫殑鍩虹銆傚崄鍥涗笘绾湯涓彜鑻辫鈥滃▉鍏嬪埄澶€婂湥缁忋€嬧€濋棶涓栧墠锛屽嚑涔庢墍鏈変腑涓栫邯鑻辨牸鍏颁綔瀹堕噰鐢ㄧ殑銆婂湥缁忋€嬪簳鏈兘鏄湥鍝茬綏濮嗕簬鍏厓鍥涗笘绾墍璇戠殑鎷変竵鏂囬€氳鏈紝鈥滅弽鐝犫€濊瘲浜轰篃涓嶄緥澶栥€傛媺涓佹枃閫氳鏈€婂湥缁忋€嬪湪涓€浜涚粏鑺備笂涓庢棭鏈熺幇浠ｅ強涔嬪悗鐨勮嫳璇€婂湥缁忋€嬭瘧鏈?濡傝┕濮嗗＋鍥界帇鏈€佹柊淇鏈瓑)瀛樺湪宸紓锛屽洜姝ょ爺绌垛€滅弽鐝犫€濊瘲浜哄銆婂湥缁忋€嬬殑鏂囧澶勭悊鏃跺繀椤讳互鎷変竵鏂囬€氳鏈负鍙傜収锛岃€岄潪浠讳綍鐜颁唬鑻辫銆婂湥缁忋€嬨€?/p> 銆€銆€鈶︺€婂湥淇濈綏鍚ず褰曘€嬬殑缁忔枃娓婃簮涓恒€婂摜鏋楀鍚庝功銆嬬12绔犵2-4鑺傦紝琛屾枃椋庢牸妯′豢浜嗐€?鍦ｇ害缈?鍚ず褰曘€嬨€傚湪銆婂摜鏋楀鍚庝功銆嬪師鏂囦腑锛屼繚缃楄嚜杩拌鎻愬崌鍒扮涓夊眰澶╀笂锛屽嵈涓嶈偗璇村嚭鎵€瑙佸紓璞★紱銆婂湥淇濈綏鍚ず褰曘€嬪垯鎵撶牬浜嗕繚缃楃殑缂勯粯锛岃缁嗘弿杩颁簡涓€涓瀺浼婄敻鍥笌鏂拌€惰矾鎾掑喎鍦拌矊涓轰竴浣撶殑澶╁浗涓殑绉嶇缇庢櫙銆傞儴鍒嗗鑰呰涓洪櫎銆婄弽鐝犮€嬪锛屼絾涓佺殑銆婄鏇猜峰湴鐙辩瘒銆嬬2姝岀32琛屼害鍙栨潗浜庛€婂湥淇濈綏鍚ず褰曘€?see A.C.Spearing,The Gawain-Poet:A Critical Study,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1970,pp.105-109)銆?/p> 銆€銆€鈶ee Richard Morris,ed,Early English Alliterative Poems in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century,ondon:Oxford University Press,1864; Israel Gollanez,ed.and trans.,Pearl,London:Chatto and Windus,1891; Carleton F.Brown,"The Author of the Pearl,Considered in the Light of His Theological Opinions",in PMLA,19(1904),pp.115-145; C.C.Osgood,ed.,The Pearl,Boston:D.C.Heath,1906; J.P.Oakden,Alliterative Poetry in Middle English:A Survey of the Traditions,Manchester:Manchester University Press,1935; J.R.R.Tolkien,trans.,Sir Gawain and the Green Knight,Pearl,and Sir Orfeo,London:Harper Collins,1995. 銆€銆€鈶⊿ee W.H.Schofield,"The Nature and Fabric of the Pearl",in PMLA,19(1904),pp.154-215; R.M.Garret,The Pearl:An Interpretation,Seattle:University of Washington Press,1918; Sister Mary Vincent Hillman,"Some Debatable Words in Pearl and Its Theme",in Modern Language Notes,60(1945),pp.241-248. 銆€銆€鈶㏒ee Jefferson B.Fletcher,"The Allegory of the Pearl",in JEGP,20(1921),pp.1-21; Ren茅 Wellek,"The Pearl:An Interpretation of the Middle English Poem",in Studies in English,4(1933),pp.29-33; E.V.Gordon,ed.,Pearl,Oxford:Clarendon Press,1953,pp.xxvii-xxix; D.W.Robertson,Jr.,"The 'Heresy' of the Pearl",in Modern Language Notes,65(1950),pp.152-155. 銆€銆€(11)St Bonaventura,Opera Omnia,vol 5,Quaracchi:Saint Bonaventure College Press,1891,p.297; see also St.Bonaventura,The Mind's Road to God,trans.George Boas,Indianapolis:Bobbs-Merrill Co.,1953,p.8(璇ヨ嫳璇戝湪鏂彞澶勭悊涓婁笌鍘熸枃鏈夋墍鍋忕)锛汱ouis Blenkner,"The Theological Structure of Pearl",in John Conley,ed.,The Middle English Pearl:Critical Essays,Notre Dame:University of Notre Dame Press,1955,pp.220-271. 銆€銆€(12)銆婁涪灏间慨闅愮鐨勭鎬с€?Deonise Hid Diuinite)鐢扁€滀簯鈥濅綔鑰呬粠鎷変竵鏂囪钁椼€婄瀛︾殑绁炵銆?Mystica Theologia)璇戝嚭锛岀浉浼犲師鏂囦綔鑰呮槸浜斾笘绾瀛﹀浼涪灏间慨(Pseudo-Dionysius)銆?/p> 銆€銆€(13)Phyllis Hodgson,ed.,Deonise Hid Diuinite and Other Treatises on Contemplative Prayer,London:Oxford University Press,1955,p.3. 銆€銆€(14)See Louis Blenkner,"The Theological Structure of Pearl",pp.228-236. 銆€銆€(15)See Louis Blenkner,"The Theological Structure of Pearl",pp.227-229. 銆€銆€(16)David Woodward,"Medieval Mappaemundi",in J.B.Harley and David Woodward,eds.,The History of Cartography,vol.1:Cartography in Prehistoric,Ancient,and Medieval Europe and the Mediterranean,Chicago:University of Chicago Press,1987,p.287. 銆€銆€(17)Mappa鍙槸浼楀鍙敤鏉ヨ〃绀衡€滀笘鐣屽湴鍥锯€濈殑涓笘绾媺涓佹枃璇嶆眹涓渶鍙楁杩庣殑涓€涓紝鍏朵粬璇嶆眹杩樺寘鎷細鎻忚堪(descriptio)銆佸浘鐢?pictora)銆佺粯琛?tabula)銆佹晠浜?鍘嗗彶(estoire)绛?see Jerry Brotton,A History of the World in Twelve Maps,London:Penguin,2012,p.84.鍚庢枃鍑鸿嚜鍚屼竴钁椾綔鐨勫紩鏂囷紝灏嗛殢鏂囨爣鍑鸿钁楀悕绉伴璇嶅拰寮曟枃鍑哄椤电爜锛屼笉鍐嶅彟娉?銆?/p> 銆€銆€(18)See Donald R.Howard,Writers and Pilgrims:Medieval Pilgrimage Narratives and Their Posterity,Berkeley:University of California Press,1980,pp.17-52. 銆€銆€(19)See Scott D.Westrem,The Hereford Map:A Transcription and Translation of the Legends with Commentary,Turnhout:Brepols,2001,p.21. 銆€銆€(20)See G.R.Crone,"New Light on the Hereford Map",in Geographical Journal,131(1965),pp.447-462. 銆€銆€(21)閴翠簬涓滄柟(鎷変竵鏂噊riens)鍦ㄤ腑涓栫邯鍦板浘涓殑鐗规畩鍦颁綅锛屼篃灏变笉闅剧悊瑙ｈ嫳璇腑鈥滃畾浣嶁€?orientation)-璇嶇殑鏉ユ簮浜嗐€傜浉搴斿湴锛屸€淭-O鈥濆瀷鍦板浘鐨勫崡鏂?meridies)浣嶄簬鍦板浘鍙崇锛岃タ鏂?occidens)浣嶄簬搴曢儴锛屽寳鏂?septemtrio)浣嶄簬宸︾(see Scott D.Westrem,The Hereford Map:A Transcription and Translation of the Legends with Commentary,p.21)銆?/p> 銆€銆€(22)See P.D.A.Harvey,"The Holy Land on Medieval World Maps",in P.D.A.Harvey,ed.,The Hereford World Map:Medieval World Maps and Their Context锛孡ondon:British Library,2006,p.248.鎵€寮曘€婂湥缁忋€嬭瘧鏂囧嚭鑷€婂湥缁忋€?涓枃鍜屽悎鏈?锛屼腑鍥藉熀鐫ｆ暀涓夎嚜鐖卞浗杩愬姩濮斿憳浼?涓浗鍩虹潱鏁欏崗浼氾紝2004骞达紝銆婁互瑗跨粨涔︺€?锛?銆傚悗鏂囥€婂湥缁忋€嬪悇涔﹀紩鏂囩殑璇戞枃鍧囬噰鐢ㄨ鐗堟湰锛屽皢闅忔枃鏍囧嚭鍚勪功鍚嶇О鍜屽紩鏂囨墍鍦ㄧ珷鑺傦紝涓嶅啀鍙︽敞銆?/p> 銆€銆€(23)鍏充簬涓彜鑻辫鈥渉uyle鈥濅竴璇嶇殑涓嶅悓鐞嗚В鍙婁笌鍏跺搴旂殑鑺卞洯绌洪棿鏋勯€狅紝璇﹁C.A.Luttrel,"Pearl:Symbolism in a Garden Setting",in John Conley,ed.,The Middle English Pearl,pp.297-324銆?/p> 銆€銆€(24)杩欎娇寰椼€婄弽鐝犮€嬬殑鐢锋€т富浜哄叕涓庝腑涓栫邯鏂囧涓紬澶氳鍥氱浜庘€滄案鎭掔殑褰撲笅鈥濈殑濂虫€т富浜哄叕澶勪簬鐩镐技鐨勫鍦帮紝鍚庤€呭寘鎷彜鑻辫鎶掓儏璇椼€婂瀹ゅ搥姝屻€?鈥淭he Wife鈥檚 Lament鈥?鍜屻€婄嫾涓庡焹寰风摝鍏嬨€?鈥淲ulf and Eadwacer鈥?涓殑鈥滄垜鈥濓紝涓彜鑻辫浼犲銆婁簹鐟熺帇涔嬫銆?Le Morte d'Arthur)涓殑浼婅幉绛夈€?/p> 銆€銆€(25)杩欎笁涓腑鍙よ嫳璇悕璇嶉兘鍙互鎸団€滅洓鐝犲疂鐨勭鏌溾€濓紝浣嗗湪鈥滅弽鐝犫€濊瘲浜虹殑鍏朵綑涓夐闀胯瘲涔嬩竴銆婃竻娲併€嬩腑锛屸€渃ofer鈥?绗?10琛?鍜屸€渒yster鈥?绗?46琛?鍦ㄥ澶勮鐢ㄦ潵鎸囦唬璇轰簹鏂硅垷鈥斺€斿湥缁忎腑鏈€钁楀悕鐨勫皝闂┖闂翠箣涓€銆?/p> 銆€銆€(26)鍦ㄦ媺涓佹枃閫氳鏈腑锛屸€滀竴鍒囦笂绛夌殑鏋滃搧鈥濆搴旂殑琛ㄨ堪涓篶um omnibus primis unguentis锛屾剰涓衡€滀竴鍒囦笂绛夌殑棣欐枡鈥濓紝涓庝腑鏂囧拰鍚堟湰璇戞枃鏈夊亸宸€傛湰鏂囧湥缁忔媺涓佹枃閫氳鏈紩鏂囧潎鍑鸿嚜Robert Weber and Roger Gryson,eds.,Biblia Sacra Vulgata,Stuttgart:Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft,1994銆?/p> 銆€銆€(27)See Teresa McLean,Medieval English Gardens,New York:Dover,2014,p.122. 銆€銆€(28)See Harald Kleinschmidt,Perception and Action in Medieval Europe,Woodbridge:Boydell Press,2005,pp.59-74. 銆€銆€(29)See C.J.Holdsworth,"Eleven Visions Connected with the Cistercian Monastery of Stratford Langthorne",in Citeaux,13(1962),pp 185-204. 銆€銆€(30)See C.M.Woolgar,The Senses in Late Medieval England,New Haven:Yale University Press,2006,pp.118-119. 銆€銆€(31)C.M.Woolgar,The Senses in Late Medieval England,p.119. 銆€銆€(32)Maxwell S.Luria and Richard L.Hoffman,eds.,Middle English Lyrics,New York:Norton,1974,p.92. 銆€銆€(33)See Teresa McLean,Medieval English Gardens,pp.147-158. 銆€銆€(34)Jean Luc Nancy,The Fall of Sleep,trans.Charlotte Mandell,New York:Fordham University Press,2009,p.1. 銆€銆€(35)鍦ㄤ互鍗佷笁涓栫邯鍩冨竷鏂澶湴鍥?Ebstorf Map)涓轰唬琛ㄧ殑鈥滃熀鐫ｈ韩浣撳紡鈥漈-O鍦板浘涓婏紝鐢变簬瑕佸皢鍦板浘鐨勮嚦楂樼偣鐣欑粰鍩虹潱鐨勫ご閮紝浼婄敻鍥氨琚敾鍦ㄤ簡绱ч偦oriens瀹氫綅鐐广€佷絾姣斿畾浣嶇偣鐣ヤ綆鐨勪綅缃紝绱ц创鐫€鍩虹潱鐨勫彸鑰炽€?/p> 銆€銆€(36)Alessandro Scafi,Mapping Paradise:A History of Heaven on Earth,London:British Library,2006,pp.126-127.鏂囦腑鐫€閲嶅彿涓烘湰鏂囦綔鑰呮墍鍔犮€?/p> 銆€銆€(37)Umberto Eco,The Book of Legendary Lands,trans.Alastair McEwen,London:MacLehose,2013,p.145. 銆€銆€(38)See C.S.Lewis,The Discarded Image:An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature,Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1968,p.108. 銆€銆€(39)See John Mandeville,The Travels of Sir John Mandeville,trans.C.Moseley,London:Penguin Books,2005,pp 183-184. 銆€銆€(40)See Charles Moorman,ed,The Works of the Gawain-Poet,p.206; see also Mary Borroff,trans.,The Gawain Poet:Complete Works,p.127. 銆€銆€(41)See Ann Chalmers Watts,"Pearl,Inexpressibility,and Poems of Human Loss",in PMLA,99(1984),pp.26-40. 銆€銆€(42)Susan Gunn,"Pearl:Medieval Dream Vision and Modern NDE",in Journal of Religion and Psychical Research,18.3(1995),pp.132-140锛涚﹩杩尰鐢熶负浼楀婵掓浣撻獙鑰呯殑涓村簥鎻忚堪寤虹珛浜嗗彊浜嬫ā鍨?see Raymond Moody,Life after Life,Maretta:R.Bemis Publishing,1981,pp.21-23)銆?/p> 銆€銆€(43)寮曟枃涓殑鈥滀娇寰掆€濇寚銆婄害缈扮闊炽€嬪強銆婂惎绀哄綍銆嬩綔鑰呯害缈帮紝绗笁閮ㄥ垎涓€滄垜鈥濆弽澶嶅己璋冭嚜宸辨墍瑙佸紓璞′笌绾︾堪鍦ㄣ€婂惎绀哄綍銆嬩腑鎵€瑙佺浉鍚岋紝鈥滅害缈扳€濅竴璇嶇敋鑷虫槸绗崄涓冭瘲鑺傜殑棣栧熬涓茶仈璇?concatenation word)銆傘€婄弽鐝犮€嬩腑鐨勬柊鑰惰矾鎾掑喎寮傝薄鍒欎富瑕佸彇鏉愪簬銆婂湥缁徛峰惎绀哄綍銆?0锛?0-21銆?/p> 銆€銆€(44)Lombe-ly[锛?]t锛岃瘲浜哄阀濡欏湴浣跨敤浜嗕腑鍙よ嫳璇璴ombe涓€璇嶇殑鍙屽叧锛屾棦鎸囩緮缇婂張鎸囩伅銆?/p> 銆€銆€(45)See James Hall锛孒all's Dictionary of Subject and Symbols in Art锛孡ondon:John Murray,1996,p.197.鈥滃叏鑳戒笂涓烩€濆舰璞″己璋冨熀鐫ｇ殑绁炴€у拰鍏锛屸€滃搥鎭镐箣瀛愨€濆舰璞″己璋冨叾浜烘€у拰鐖憋紝杩欎篃鏄湪涓彜鑻辫鏂囧涓鎻忚堪鏈€澶氱殑涓ょ鍩虹潱褰㈣薄銆係ee also Hans Belting锛孴he Image and Its Public in the Middle Ages:Form and Function of Early Paintings of the Passion,New Rochelle:Caratzas,1990,pp.53-54. 銆€銆€(46)鍦ㄧ粏鏌ヤ簡澶ч噺鑻辨牸鍏板崄涓夎嚦鍗佸洓涓栫邯銆婂惎绀哄綍銆嬪僵缁樻墜绋垮悗锛岀爺绌惰€呭彧鎵惧埌涓€涓緥澶栵紝鍗砄xford Lincoln College MS Lat.16,fol 177v锛屽叾浠栨墜绋夸腑鏂拌€惰矾鎾掑喎鐨勫湥缇旂緤鎴栤€滃叏鑳戒笂涓烩€濊韩涓婇兘娌℃湁浼ゅ彛(see Rosalyn Field,"The Heavenly Jerusalem in Pearl",in Modern Language Review,81.1[1986],pp.7鈥?7)銆?/p> 銆€銆€(47)鏍规嵁鍗佷簩涓栫邯鏈€鏈夊奖鍝嶅姏鐨勮嫳鏍煎叞绁炲瀹朵箣涓€鏍肩綏濉炴嘲鏂壒鐨勬敞缁忥紝澶嶆椿鍚庡畬缇庣殑韬綋涔熸槸鍩虹潱搴旇缁欎俊澹殑绀肩墿锛岃繖瀹岀編鐨勮倝韬叿鏈夆€滀笉鍙┛閫忊€?impassibilitas)銆佲€滄竻婢堚€?clantas)銆佲€滆交宸р€?agilitas)銆佲€滅簿缁嗏€?subtilitas)杩欏洓涓壒寰?see Suzannah Biernoff,Sight and Embodiment in the Middle Ages,Houndmills:Palgrave Macmillan,2002,pp 37-39)銆?/p> 銆€銆€(48)鑳藉ぉ浣?vertues)涓轰節闃跺ぉ浣夸腑鐨勭浜旈樁锛屼笉娑変汉浜嬶紝鎺岀澶╀綋杩愯(see C.S.Lewis,The Discarded Image:An Introduction to Medieval and Renaissance Literature,pp.71-74)銆?/p> 銆€銆€(49)鎬诲叡鍙湁鍥涢闀胯瘲浼犱笘鐨勮瘲浜洪€夋嫨鈥滃潥蹇嶁€濅负浠呮湁鐨勪袱棣栦互鎶借薄鍚嶈瘝涓烘爣棰樼殑闀胯瘲涔嬩竴鍐犲悕(鍙︿竴棣栨槸銆婃竻娲併€?缁濋潪鍋剁劧銆傚叧浜庘€減acience鈥濈殑璇嶆簮锛岃瑙丮ary Borroff,trans.,The Gawain Poet:Complete Works,p.4銆?/p> 銆€銆€(50)鐞嗘煡寰仿风綏灏?Richard Rolle)涓庝笅鏂囨彁鍙婄殑璇虹淮濂囩殑鑼辫帀瀹?Julian of Norwich)鍜岀帥鏍间附鐗孤峰潕鏅?Margery Kempe)涓€鏍凤紝閮芥槸涓庘€滅弽鐝犫€濊瘲浜烘椿璺冧簬绾﹀悓涓€鏃舵湡鐨勮嫳鏍煎叞绁炵涓讳箟浣滃锛屼富寮犱互鑹层€侀銆佸懗銆佸０鎯宠薄绁炴剰鐨勭敎铚滐紝骞堕€氳繃灏藉彲鑳借韬鍦板湴鎯宠薄鍙楅毦鐨勭棝鑻︽潵杈惧埌瀵瑰熀鐫ｇ殑鈥滅Щ鎯呮€ц檾鏁€濄€?/p> 銆€銆€(51)See Simon Garfield,On the Map:A Mind-Expanding Exploration of the Way the World Looks,New York:Penguin,2013,pp.58-62杩欑鍦板浘鑼冨紡鏃╁湪鍏厓鍥涗笘绾殑缃楅┈璺嚎鍥俱€婃尝浼婁涵鏍煎湴鍥俱€嬩腑灏卞凡鍑虹幇(鍘熷浘浣氬け锛屽彧鏈夌害缁樹簬1300骞寸殑鎶勬湰浼犱笘)锛屼粎鏈夆€滈暱搴︹€濊€屼笉鍏冲績瀹介珮锛屾病鏈夋姇褰辨硶涔熶笉浠ュ噯纭殑姣斾緥灏轰负鐩爣锛屾槸涓€绉嶅崟涓€鐨勩€佹弧瓒冲熀鏈鏀跨鐞嗛渶瑕佺殑銆侀€傜敤浜庣緤鐨嵎杞磋繖绉嶄究鎼轰粙璐ㄧ殑鍦板浘銆?/p> 銆€銆€(52)鐪熺鍦板浘鐨勫師鍨嬬敱瑗跨彮鐗欏儳渚ｅ垪宸寸撼鐨勬瘮浜氬浘鏂?鈥滅湡绂忚€呪€?浜庡叓涓栫邯缁樺埗锛屾敹鍏ュ叾鎵€钁椼€婂惎绀哄綍娉ㄧ枏銆嬶紝浣滀负涓笘绾棭鏈熸渶娴佽鐨勪俊浠板湴鍥剧绫讳箣涓€锛屽叏鐩涗簬鍗佷竴鑷冲崄涓変笘绾紝涓€鑸皢涓栫晫鍒掑垎涓哄洓鍧?see Simon Gaufield,On the Map:A Mind-Expanding Exploration of the Way the World Looks,pp.65-66)銆?/p> 銆€銆€(53)甯︾姸鍦板浘鍙堢О涓衡€滈┈鍏嬬綏姣斾箤鏂湴鍥锯€濓紝鍥犲瀹冩渶娓呮櫚鐨勬枃瀛楁弿杩板嚭鐜板湪浜斾笘绾柊鏌忔媺鍥句富涔夊摬瀛﹀椹厠缃楁瘮涔屾柉鎵€钁椼€?lt;瑗垮簢涔屼箣姊?gt;娉ㄧ枏銆嬩腑銆傞€氳繃杩欑鑼冨紡锛屽悗涓栫殑鏁欑埗浣滃寰椾互灏嗘柊鏌忔媺鍥句富涔夊畤瀹欒涓庡熀鐫ｆ暀涔夋暣鍚堬紝杩欎簺鏁欑埗(姣斿濂ョ綏淇柉)鐨勮憲浣滆繘涓€姝ユ垚涓篢-O鍨嬭繖绫讳俊浠拌嚦涓婄殑鍦板浘鐨勯噸瑕佽祫鏂欐潵婧?see Alfed Hiatt,"The Map of Macrobius before 1100",in Imago Mundi,59[2007],pp.149-176)銆?/p> 銆€銆€(54)銆婄綏鏉颁箣涔︺€嬬殑闃挎媺浼枃涔﹀悕涓恒€婁负娓存湜鐜父涓栫晫鐨勪汉鎻愪緵鐨勫ū涔愩€嬶紝閰嶅鐨勯摱鍒跺湴鍥惧凡浣氬け锛屽彧鏈夊崄涓夎嚦鍗佸叚涓栫邯鐨?0浠藉浘鏂囨妱鏈瓨涓栵紝鎷煎悎鍏?0骞呭湴鍥惧悗鑳藉緱鍒颁腑涓栫邯瀵光€滄湁浜哄眳浣忕殑涓栫晫鈥濇渶璇﹀敖鐨勬弿缁橈紝浣撶幇浜嗕紛鏂叞鍦扮悊瀛﹀娆ф床浼犵粺鐨勯噸澶ц础鐚€傛湰鏂囧彈绡囧箙鍙婁富鏃ㄦ墍闄愶紝鏃犳硶灞曞紑璁ㄨ涓笘绾紛鏂叞涓栫晫浠ュ強涓浗鍜屾湞椴滃埗鍥句紶缁熶笌鍚屾椂鏈熸娲蹭紶缁熺殑鍏辩敓鍜屼簰鏂囧叧绯伙紝浣嗗湪浜虹被鍒跺浘鍙蹭笂锛屼笢鏂瑰拰瑗挎柟濮嬬粓鍚岀瓑绉瀬鍦板弬涓庡埌浠ョ紪缁樺湴鍥炬潵闃愰噴骞跺啀閫犺嚜鐒躲€佹斂娌讳笌瀹楁暀涓栫晫鐨勮繘绋嬩腑锛屼笉鑳戒互鈥滅簿纭€р€濄€佲€滅幇浠ｆ€р€濈瓑鏈韩灏辨湁骞翠唬璇涔嬪珜鐨勭矖鏆存爣鍑嗗幓璁烘柇浼樺姡銆?/p> 銆€銆€(55)鍦ㄥ銆婅但灏旂寰峰湴鍥俱€嬬殑鏃╂湡鐮旂┒涓紝鏇炬湁瀛﹁€呮彁鍑哄湴鍥剧粯鍒朵箣鍒濇垨鏈爣娉ㄢ€滆但灏旂寰封€濈殑鍏蜂綋鏂逛綅(see P.D.A.Harvey,Mappa Mundi:The Hereford World Map.Toranto:University of Toranto Press,1996,p.6)銆傜洰鍓嶏紝閫氳繃鍊熷姪绾㈠鎵弿绛夋渶鏂扮爺绌舵妧鏈繘琛屾帰娴嬪悗锛屽鐣岃揪鎴愮殑鍏辫瘑鏄細鈥滆但灏旂寰封€濆瓧鏍蜂箣鎵€浠ユ樉寰楀儚鏄悗鏉ユ坊鍔犵殑锛屾槸鍥犱负鑷湴鍥惧埗鎴愬苟鍦ㄨ但灏旂寰锋暀鍫傚紑濮嬪睍绀鸿捣锛屾暟涓栫邯浠ユ潵鍚勫湴鐨勬湞鍦ｈ€呬滑甯哥敤鎵嬫寚鎴崇偣鍦板浘浠ョ‘璁よ嚜宸辨墍鍦ㄧ殑浣嶇疆锛屽嵆璇ュ湴鍥句笂鐢诲湪濞佷紛娌?Wie)鐣旂殑鈥滆但灏旂寰封€濓紝瀵艰嚧璇ヨ瘝鍦ㄥ湴鍥句笂鍑犱箮琚叏閮ㄧ（鍘伙紝鍚庝笘淇濆瓨鑰呬笉寰椾笉閲嶆柊鈥滄弿娣扁€濊瀛楁牱銆傝繖鎭版伆璇佹槑浜嗕粠涓€寮€濮嬭捣鍦板浘鐨勫埗浣滆€?鏋佸彲鑳芥槸璧皵绂忓痉鏁欏爞鐨勫儳渚?灏辫瘯鍥鹃€氳繃鏍囨敞鍦板浘缁樺埗鍦拌繖涓€鏂瑰紡锛岃鑷繁鍙備笌鍒拌繖鍦哄叧涔庢晳璧庣殑鍦扮悊瑙嗚瀵硅瘽涓?see Simon Garfield锛孫n the Map:A Mind-Expanding Exploration of the Way the World Looks,pp.55-56; see also http://themappamundi.co.uk/mappa-mundi/[2017-4-19])銆?/p> 銆€銆€(56)杩欐槸瀛﹁€呮牴鎹€婄弽鐝犮€嬫墍鐢ㄨ瑷€鎺ㄦ柇鍑虹殑缁撹(see Malcolm Andrew and Ronald Waldron,Introduction,p.2)銆?/p> 銆€銆€(57)灏辩瑪鑰呬簡瑙ｏ紝杩欑浜掓敞鍏崇郴杩勪粖鍦ㄣ€婄弽鐝犮€嬪鏈彶涓婂皻鏈緱鍒颁换浣曞叧娉ㄣ€?/p> (责任编辑：admin) |